| Candidate Gene |
Candidate Gene |
A gene suspected to be associated with a target trait, based on biological function or existing evidence. |
| Association Study |
Association Study |
A study design that analyses the statistical association between genotype and trait. |
| Heritability |
Heritability |
The proportion of phenotypic variation explained by genetic factors. |
| Breeding Value |
Breeding Value |
An estimate of the genetic contribution an individual passes on to its offspring. |
| Selection Signature |
Selection Signature |
A characteristic pattern of genetic variation left in the genome by natural or artificial selection. |
| Polygenic Trait |
Polygenic Trait |
A trait influenced by multiple genes together. |
| Prospective Study |
Prospective Study |
A study design in which subjects and measurements are defined at the start and followed forward over time. |
| Association |
Association |
Two variables are statistically related, but this does not mean a causal relationship. |
| Correlation |
Correlation |
A relationship exists between variables, and it may be influenced by a third variable. |
| Causation |
Causation |
One variable has been shown to cause changes in another variable. |
| Hypothesis |
Hypothesis |
A scientific conjecture that is still awaiting testing. |
| Single Nucleotide Polymorphism |
SNP |
A variation of a single base in the genome; an important genetic basis for differences in traits. |
| Exon |
Exon |
A DNA segment within a gene that codes for protein. |
| Population Genomics |
Population Genomics |
The discipline that studies genome variation at the population level. |
| DOI |
Digital Object Identifier |
A unique identifier for digital objects, used to permanently identify and locate scholarly literature. |
| PubMed |
PubMed |
A biomedical literature database provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine. |
| Meta-analysis |
Meta-analysis |
A statistical method that combines the results of several studies in a quantitative pooled analysis. |
| Randomized Controlled Trial |
Randomized Controlled Trial |
A clinical trial with random allocation and a control group; causal inference from it is comparatively strong. |
| Cohort Study |
Cohort Study |
An epidemiological research method that follows a defined population over the long term. |
| Confounding Factor |
Confounding Factor |
An extra variable that affects how results are interpreted and can interfere with causal judgement. |
| Reproducibility |
Reproducibility |
The degree to which research results can be independently reproduced and verified by other researchers. |